1 东北大学信息科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819
2 东北大学流程工业综合自动化国家重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110819
3 河北省微纳精密光学传感与检测技术重点实验室,河北 秦皇岛 066004
单像素成像通过调制光场测量场景对单个像素探测器的强度响应来还原场景图像,相比依赖阵列探测器捕捉图像信息的传统成像技术,在低成本、宽光谱及特定应用场景下具有出色表现。该技术是一种由物理域转为计算域的新型成像方式,因此众多研究在寻找高效的计算方式。由于神经网络在计算域中的强大学习能力,深度学习技术已经广泛应用于单像素成像中并取得了显著进展。将深度学习单像素成像分为数据驱动式、物理驱动式及混合驱动式,又在每个驱动模式下划分出神经网络用于“图像到图像”和神经网络用于“测量值到图像”两种成像方法。从6种角度综述基于深度学习的单像素成像方法的基本理论和典型案例,并讨论了各类方法的优势与不足。最后对基于深度学习的单像素成像方法进行总结与展望,有前景的应用包括高光谱成像、瞬态观测与目标检测。
单像素成像 深度学习 计算成像 神经网络 激光与光电子学进展
2024, 61(10): 1000005
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optics System, Shanghai, China
2 Beihang University, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing, China
Holographic display stands as a prominent approach for achieving lifelike three-dimensional (3D) reproductions with continuous depth sensation. However, the generation of a computer-generated hologram (CGH) always relies on the repetitive computation of diffraction propagation from point-cloud or multiple depth-sliced planar images, which inevitably leads to an increase in computational complexity, making real-time CGH generation impractical. Here, we report a new CGH generation algorithm capable of rapidly synthesizing a 3D hologram in only one-step backward propagation calculation in a novel split Lohmann lens-based diffraction model. By introducing an extra predesigned virtual digital phase modulation of multifocal split Lohmann lens in such a diffraction model, the generated CGH appears to reconstruct 3D scenes with accurate accommodation abilities across the display contents. Compared with the conventional layer-based method, the computation speed of the proposed method is independent of the quantized layer numbers, and therefore can achieve real-time computation speed with a very dense of depth sampling. Both simulation and experimental results validate the proposed method.
computer holography holographic display diffraction calculation Advanced Photonics Nexus
2024, 3(3): 036001
1 东南大学生物科学与医学工程学院,江苏 南京 210096
2 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,四川 绵阳 621900
提出一种基于X射线吸收光谱(XAS)的全能谱拟合方法,先通过样品元素的衰减系数曲线和射线源的本底能谱曲线获得样品的理论吸收能谱,再将理论吸收能谱与实际穿过样品的吸收能谱进行拟合,由退火算法计算得到薄膜样品的元素面密度值。该方案有效降低了噪声与探测器响应函数引入的误差。实验结果表明,系统在单元素下的测量结果重复测量标准偏差较小,测量不确定度在10-4 g/cm2量级,且能进行多元素薄膜面密度的测量,满足惯性约束聚变实验中对金属薄膜无损与高稳定的测量需求。
X射线吸收光谱 金属薄膜 面密度 激光与光电子学进展
2024, 61(5): 0512003
1 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院中国科学院定量遥感信息技术重点实验室,北京 100094
2 中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院,北京 100049
3 电子科技大学资源与环境学院,四川 成都 611731
提出一种成像前评价关联成像系统性能的方法,基于通信系统信道评价方法对观测矩阵进行分析,计算成像系统的信道容量,以信道容量来评价系统性能。对100幅成像场景、20种不同类型的观测矩阵以及2种重建算法进行成像仿真,并与成像重建后的图像质量评测效果进行对比分析。结果表明:本文在成像前对系统性能的评价结果与成像后的验证结果具有较好的一致性,当采样比例相同时,重构图像的均方差和信道容量对矩阵元素分布类型具有相同的依赖关系;当矩阵元素分布类型相同时,归一化信道容量和归一化反转均方差随采样次数变化的曲线具有很高的拟合程度,其拟合系数R2值普遍大于0.8。本文方法具有很强的适用性,其效果不随图像尺寸的变化而变化,能够广泛应用于常见的遥感场景。
成像系统 观测矩阵 采样比例 分布类型 信道容量 性能评价
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Friction plays a critical role in dexterous robotic manipulation. However, realizing friction sensing remains a challenge due to the difficulty in designing sensing structures to decouple multi-axial forces. Inspired by the topological mechanics of knots, we construct optical fiber knot (OFN) sensors for slip detection and friction measurement. By introducing localized self-contacts along the fiber, the knot structure enables anisotropic responses to normal and frictional forces. By employing OFNs and a change point detection algorithm, we demonstrate adaptive robotic grasping of slipping cups. We further develop a robotic finger that can measure tri-axial forces via a centrosymmetric architecture composed of five OFNs. Such a tactile finger allows a robotic hand to manipulate human tools dexterously. This work could provide a straightforward and cost-effective strategy for promoting adaptive grasping, dexterous manipulation, and human-robot interaction with tactile sensing.
robotic perception adaptive grasping slip detection force decoupling polymer optical fiber Opto-Electronic Advances
2023, 6(10): 230076
中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林 长春130033
针对实时高效处理经纬仪交会数据的问题,提出了一种基于改进分布式处理平台的实时测角数据对齐及异步计算方法。分析了交会算法的耗时原理。根据交会数据实时性高、对时间复杂度过高的算法应用困难的特点,利用分布式平台对实时测角数据进行异步处理,并改进了传统同步交会数据处理流程。试验结果表明,改进分布式平台处理数据效率高,性能稳定,能够满足高时间复杂度算法的嵌入和实时处理需求。
分布式处理 交会 实时处理 异步计算 distributed processing rendezvous real-time processing asynchronous computing
光学 精密工程
2023, 31(22): 3237
强激光与粒子束
2023, 35(11): 116004
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2 MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Solid Laser, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Four-channel off-axis holography is proposed to simultaneously understand the polarization states and the mode coefficients of linearly polarized (LP) modes in few-mode fiber. Far-field off-axis holograms in the four polarization directions of the fiber laser were acquired at the same moment through a four-channel holographic device. The weights, the relative phase differences, and the polarization parameters of the vector fiber laser mode can be solved simultaneously. The simulated and experimental mode analysis of the laser output by 1060-XP fiber with 6 LP modes at 632.8 nm is conducted, which shows that the similarity of the total intensity distribution of the laser before and after mode analysis is above 0.97. The mode polarization states, the mode weights, and the relative phase differences of the few-mode laser can be determined simultaneously in a single shot by four-channel off-axis holography.
vectorial fiber laser few-mode fiber off-axis holography mode decomposition Chinese Optics Letters
2023, 21(12): 120601
南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,南京 211106
本文以氧化镁(MgO)和磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)作为磷酸镁骨水泥的固相成分,并引入不同含量的植酸改性羟基磷灰石(IP6-HA)粉末,制备多种不同镁磷比的磷酸镁基复合骨水泥。通过调整磷酸镁粉末中MgO和KH2PO4的比例和IP6-HA含量,改善了骨水泥的力学性能和固化时间,并研究了骨水泥的固化机理。结果表明,当镁磷比为4且固相中的IP6-HA含量为5%(质量分数)时,鸟粪石晶体(MgKPO4·6H2O)的生长效果最好,固化时间为7.5 min,抗压强度可达49 MPa,固化四周后强度可达69.3 MPa。试验所得的IP6-HA改性磷酸镁基复合骨水泥力学性能较好且固化时间适宜,具有潜在的生物医学应用前景。
骨水泥 磷酸盐 氧化镁 羟基磷灰石 固化时间 力学性能 bone cement phosphate magnesium oxide hydroxyapatite curing time mechanical property